Proyecto de Investigación: AYA2011-29967-C05-01
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AYA2011-29967-C05-01
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DREAMS-SIS: The Solar Irradiance Sensor on-board the ExoMars 2016 lander
(Elsevier, 2017-07-01) Arruego, I.; Jiménez Martín, Juan José; Martínez Oter, J.; Álvarez Ríos, F. J.; González Guerrero, M.; Rivas, J.; Azcue, J.; Martín, I.; Toledo, D.; Gómez, L.; Jiménez Michavila, M.; Yela González, M.; Apéstigue, Víctor; Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA); Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO)
The Solar Irradiance Sensor (SIS) was part of the DREAMS (Dust characterization, Risk assessment, and Environment Analyzer on the Martian Surface) payload package on board the ExoMars 2016 Entry and Descent Module (EDM), “Schiaparelli”. DREAMS was a meteorological station aimed at the measurement of several atmospheric parameters, as well as the presence of electric fields, during the surface operations of EDM. DREAMS-SIS is a highly miniaturized lightweight sensor designed for small meteorological stations, capable of estimating the aerosol optical depth (AOD) several times per sol, as well as performing a direct measurement of the global (direct plus scattered) irradiance on the Martian surface in the spectral range between 200 and 1100 nm. AOD is estimated from the irradiance measurements at two different spectral bands – Ultraviolet (UV) and near infrared (NIR) – which also enables color index (CI) analysis for the detection of clouds. Despite the failure in the landing of Schiaparelli, DREAMS-SIS is a valuable precursor for new developments being carried-on at present. The concept and design of DREAMS-SIS are here presented and its operating principles, supported by preliminary results from a short validation test, are described. Lessons learnt and future work towards a new generation of Sun irradiance sensors is also outlined.
Calibration OGSEs for multichannel radiometers for Mars atmosphere studies
(Springer Link, 2018-02-01) Jiménez Martín, Juan José; Álvarez, F. J.; González Guerrero, M.; Martín, I.; Fernán, A. A.; Arruego, I.; Apéstigue, Víctor; Fernández Marín, Juan Manuel; Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA); Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO)
This work describes several Optical Ground Support Equipment (OGSEs) developed by INTA (Spanish Institute of Aerospace Technology—Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial) for the calibration and characterization of their self-manufactured multichannel radiometers (solar irradiance sensors—SIS) developed for working on the surface of Mars and studying the atmosphere of that planet. Nowadays, INTA is developing two SIS for the ESA ExoMars 2020 and for the JPL/NASA Mars 2020 missions. These calibration OGSEs have been improved since the first model in 2011 developed for Mars MetNet Precursor mission. This work describes the currently used OGSE. Calibration tests provide an objective evidence of the SIS performance, allowing the conversion of the electrical sensor output into accurate physical measurements (irradiance) with uncertainty bounds. Calibration results of the SIS on board of the Dust characterisation, Risk assessment, and Environment Analyzer on the Martian Surface (DREAMS) on board the ExoMars 2016 Schiaparelli module (EDM—entry and descent module) are also presented, as well as their error propagation. Theoretical precision and accuracy of the instrument are determined by these results. Two types of OGSE are used as a function of the pursued aim: calibration OGSEs and Optical Fast Verification (OFV) GSE. Calibration OGSEs consist of three setups which characterize with the highest possible accuracy, the responsivity, the angular response and the thermal behavior; OFV OGSE verify that the performance of the sensor is close to nominal after every environmental and qualification test. Results show that the accuracy of the calibrated sensors is a function of the accuracy of the optical detectors and of the light conditions. For normal direct incidence and diffuse light, the accuracy is in the same order of uncertainty as that of the reference cell used for fixing the irradiance, which is about 1%.
Mars MOURA magnetometer demonstration for high-resolution mapping on terrestrial analogues
(European Geoscience Union (EGU), 2016-05-19) Díaz Michelena, M.; Kilian, R.; Sanz, R.; Ríos, F.; Baeza, O.; Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO)
Satellite-based magnetic measurements of Mars indicate complex and very strong magnetic anomalies, which led to an intensive and long-lasting discussion about their possible origin. To make some progress in the investigation of the origin of these anomalies the MOURA vector magnetometer was developed for in situ measurements on Mars. In this work we propose the utilisation of such an instrument for future planetary on-ground surveys. The proof of its suitability is seen through testing it on various terrestrial analogues characterised by the distinct magnetic anomalies of their basement rocks: (1) a magnetite body of EL Laco (up to +110 000 nT) and its transition to surrounding andesites ( < +2000 nT) in the northern Andes of Chile showing the highest local magnetic anomalies. The magnetite-bearing ore body has highly variable local anomalies due to its complex formation history where a significant dispersion in palaeo-orientations has been previously reported, while our vector data show relatively uniform and probably induced declinations. (2) A basaltic spatter cone of the Pali Aike volcanic field, in southern Chile, was characterised by very strong magnetic anomalies along the crater rim (up to +12 000 nT), controlled by the amount of single domain magnetites in the ground mass of the basalts. Due to their strong remanent signature, palaeo-declinations of the lavas and reorientations of collapsed blocks could be constrained by the vector data. (3) The Monturaqui meteorite crater (350 m diameter), in northern Chile, shows significant variations of its anomalies (from −2000 to > +6000 nT) in restricted areas of several square metres along its crater rim related to unexposed iron-bearing fragments of the impactor while its granitic and ignimbritic target rocks exhibit only very weak anomalies. (4) An area with several amphibolitic dykes, which cross-cut a Cretaceous granitoid in the southernmost Andes, where a decimetre-scale mapping was performed. In this case, pyrrhotite is the only magnetic carrier. It was formed during hydrothermal processes within the dykes. Very low (+40 to +120 nT) positive magnetic anomalies clearly depict the amount of 1–4 vol % pyrrhotite in these dykes, which is important as a mineralogical indicator as well as to detect associated gold and copper enrichment.
MOURA magnetometer for Mars MetNet Precursor Mission. Its potential for an in situ magnetic environment and surface characterization
(Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 2016-10-14) Díaz Michelena, M.; Sanz, R.; Belén Fernández, A.; De Manuel, V.; Cerdán, M. F.; Arruego, I.; Domínguez, J. A.; González, Miguel; Guerrero, H.; Dolores Sabau, M.; Kilian, R.; Baeza, O.; Ríos, F.; Herraiz, M.; Vázquez, L.; Tordesillas, J. M.; Covisa, P.; Aguado, J.; Apéstigue, Víctor; Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO)
El magnetómetro y gradiómetro MOURA forma parte de la instrumentación científica de la misión precursora de MetNet a Marte. En este trabajo se describen los objetivos de esta investigación, se recopilan las tareas de diseño y desarrollo del mismo así como su posterior calibración y se muestran las principales acciones de demostración emprendidas con el instrumento que muestran su capacidad para medidas magnéticas a bordo de aterrizadores y rovers.
MOURA magnetometer and gradiometer is part of the scientific instrumentation for Mars MetNet
Precursor mission. This work describes the objective of the investigation, summarizes the work done in
the design and development of the sensor as well as its calibration, and shows the demonstration campaigns to show the potential of such instrument for planetary landers and rovers
Calibration of QM-MOURA three-axis magnetometer and gradiometer
(European Geoscience Union (EGU), 2015-01-30) Díaz Michelena, M.; Sanz, R.; Cerdán, M. F.; Fernández, A. B.; Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO)
MOURA instrument is a three-axis magnetometer and gradiometer designed and developed for Mars MetNet Precursor mission.
The initial scientific goal of the instrument is to measure the local magnetic field in the surroundings of the lander i.e. to characterize the magnetic environment generated by the remanent magnetization of the crust and the superimposed daily variations of the field produced either by the solar wind incidence or by the thermomagnetic variations. Therefore, the qualification model (QM) will be tested in representative scenarios like magnetic surveys on terrestrial analogues of Mars and monitoring solar events, with the aim to achieve some experience prior to the arrival to Mars.
In this work, we present a practical first approach for calibration of the instrument in the laboratory; a finer correction after the comparison of MOURA data with those of a reference magnetometer located in San Pablo de los Montes (SPT) INTERMAGNET Observatory; and a comparative recording of a geomagnetic storm as a demonstration of the compliance of the instrument capabilities with the scientific objectives.
