Copyright © 2021 the Author(s).Rivilla, V. M.Jiménez Serra, I.Martín Pintado, J.Briones, C.Rodríguez Almeida, L. F.Rico Villas, F.Tercero, B.Zeng, S.Colzi, L.De Vicente, P.Martín, S.Requena Torres, M. A.Unidad de Excelencia Científica María de Maeztu Centro de Astrobiología del Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial y CSIC, MDM-2017-07372022-02-152022-02-152021-06-01Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 118(22): e2101314118(2021)0027-8424https://www.pnas.org/content/118/22/e2101314118http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12666/569Cell membranes are a key element of life because they keep the genetic material and metabolic machinery together. All present cell membranes are made of phospholipids, yet the nature of the first membranes and the origin of phospholipids are still under debate. We report here the presence of ethanolamine in space, NH2CH2CH2OH, which forms the hydrophilic head of the simplest and second-most-abundant phospholipid in membranes. The molecular column density of ethanolamine in interstellar space is N = (1.51 +/- 0.07) x 1013 cm-2, implying a molecular abundance with respect to H2 of (0.9 - 1.4) x 10-10. Previous studies reported its presence in meteoritic material, but they suggested that it is synthesized in the meteorite itself by decomposition of amino acids. However, we find that the proportion of the molecule with respect to water in the interstellar medium is similar to the one found in the meteorite (10-6). These results indicate that ethanolamine forms efficiently in space and, if delivered onto early Earth, could have contributed to the assembling and early evolution of primitive membranes.engAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/AstrochemistryEthanolamineMolecular CloudsPrebiotic ChemistryCell Membranesinfo:eu-repo/semantics/article10.1073/pnas.21013141181091-6490info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess